Long-Term Trends and Their Relationships with Happiness, Homicide Rates and Life Expectancy
Dr.Sabine Hoffmann, Mona Niethammer, Lona Koers, Marie Scherzer
2025-12-18
Overview and Terminology
Research Questions
Summary and Limitations
Data Preparing
Data Cleaning
Data Filtering
Weighting
Gini Coefficient1
Before-tax Income1
After-tax Income1
Source:[1] World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform
1. Overview and Terminology
Research Questions
How has social inequality evolved over time?
How much do countries differ when it comes to social inequality?
What is the relationship between social inequality and other factors?
3. Summary and Limitations
1. Overview and Terminology
Research Questions
How has social inequality evolved over time?
How much do countries differ when it comes to social inequality?
What is the relationship between social inequality and other factors?
3. Summary and Limitations
1. Overview and Terminology
Research Questions
How has social inequality evolved over time?
How much do countries differ when it comes to social inequality?
What is the relationship between social inequality and other factors?
3. Summary and Limitations
| Indicator | Concept | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Happiness | Self-reported life satisfaction | 0-10 scale |
| Indicator | Concept | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Happiness | Self-reported life satisfaction | 0-10 scale |
| Homicide rate1 | Number of deaths from homicide per 100,000 people | rate per 100,000 |
Source:[1] WHO Mortality Database
| Indicator | Concept | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Happiness | Self-reported life satisfaction | 0-10 scale |
| Homicide rate | Number of deaths from homicide per 100,000 people | rate per 100,000 |
| Life expectancy | average years that newborn is expected to live | year |
1. Overview and Terminology
2. Research Questions
How has social inequality evolved over time?
How much do countries differ when it comes to social inequality?
What is the relationship between social inequality and other factors?
Social Inequality
Data Quality
Research Design
- Joe Hasell (2023) - "Measuring inequality: what is the Gini coefficient?" Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20251209-133038/what-is-the-gini-coefficient.html' [Online Resource] (archived on December 9, 2025).
- Joe Hasell, Bertha Rohenkohl, Pablo Arriagada, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, and Max Roser (2023) - "Economic Inequality" Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality' [Online Resource]
- Bastian Herre, Fiona Spooner, and Max Roser (2013) - "Homicides" Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/homicides' [Online Resource]
- Bastian Herre and Fiona Spooner (2023) - "Homicide data: how sources differ and when to use which one" Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20251125-173858/homicide-data-how-sources-differ-and-when-to-use-which-one.html' [Online Resource] (archived on November 25, 2025)
- Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Max Roser (2017) - "Happiness and Life Satisfaction" Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/happiness-and-life-satisfaction' [Online Resource]
- Saloni Dattani, Lucas Rodes-Guirao, Hannah Ritchie, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, and Max Roser (2023) - "Life Expectancy" Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy' [Online Resource]